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Criminalistics Study of Crime Victims (Criminalistics Victimology)
Levina, Anastasija ; Musil, Jan (advisor) ; Hořák, Jaromír (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY Faculty of Law Anastasija Levina Criminalistics Study of Crime Victims (Criminalistics Victimology) Diploma thesis Abstract The Supervisor of Diploma thesis: Prof. JUDr. Jan Musil, CSc. Department of Criminal Law Date of elaboration of Diploma thesis (closing the manuscript): 03. 05. 2023 Criminalistics Study of Crime Victims (Criminalistics Victimology) Abstract This diploma thesis addresses the issue of Criminalistics Victimology, in other words Criminalistics Study of Crime Victims. It provides a brief insight into what victimology and criminalistic victimology is; whether (and how) we can determine who is a potential victim and what factors increase this risk; what types of victims there are and what is the difference between thw victim described in the Act on Victims of Crime and in Criminal Procedure Code. It also discusses purely legislative regulation. In the context of the Czech Republic, it conducts a historical excursus about how it was regulated before the adoption of Act No. 45/2013 Coll., on Victims of Crime, and gives an insight into the systematics of this Act and what it regulates. It provides information on the most important regulations governing the position of the victim in the international field. This thesis also provides insight into the analogous legislation of...
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Forensic ballistics
Valter, Miroslav ; Krupička, Jiří (advisor) ; Dvořák, Marek (referee)
Forensic ballistics Abstract The topic of this thesis is forensic ballistics, a technical forensic method, examining firearms, ammunition and other conditions of committing a crime using a firearms for criminalistic purposes. This thesis focuses on placing forensic ballistics in the general context of criminalistics, criminal law and international aspects. For this purpose is this thesis divided into three main parts. The first part deals with forensic ballistics as one of technical forensic methods. Attention will be paid to the definition of forensic ballistics, placing forensic ballistics into the system of criminalistics and areas of forensic ballistics. Particular objects of forensic ballistic examination, especially specific tangible and intangible assets examined by forensic ballistics, will be presented. According to objects of forensic ballistic examination will also be presented the issue of ballistic traces. Particular sections of forensic ballistic examination will be defined at the end of the first part. The second part is focused on procedural aspects of forensic ballistics, especially its connection with other forensic sciences and methods of criminalistics and criminal procedural law. The main idea of this part is to connect forensic ballistics as a forensic science with forensic expertise...
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The impact of physical activity on the quality of life of persons serving a term of imprisonment
Smutná, Kateřina ; Kotlík, Kamil (advisor) ; Pavlová, Ilona (referee)
Title: The impact of physical activity on the quality of life of persons serving a term of imprisonment Aims: The main aim of this thesis is to detect, if the health-oriented fitness and the level of quality of life of persons serving a term of imprisonment increases after ten weeks of a regular exercise. Another aim is to find out, if the results of the observed aspects of persons who did take part in the exercise programme will be much different from those who did not. Methods: This is an empiric-theoretical research thesis. Four ensembles took part in this quantitative research. The ensembles I. (N=5) and II. (N=7) filled out a self- designed questionnaire about quality of life and were tested for health-oriented fitness with the Fitnessgram test battery. The partial motor tests evaluate endurance, muscle strength and flexibility. This measurement was hold before and after a ten weeks long organized exercise program. The ensembles III. (N=15) and IV. (N=15) only filled out the questionnaire of quality of life twice, in the same period as the ensembles I. and II. Results: The results showed a positive impact of regular physical activity on the physical condition of the participants, because most of them improved their health- oriented fitness. Alongside the higher value of the quality of life in...
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Methods of investigation of crimes committed by youth
Doleželová, Michaela ; Musil, Jan (advisor) ; Štourač, Petr (referee)
Methods of investigation of crimes committed by youth Methodology for investigation of crimes committed by youth is a compact system of procedures used by criminalists while investigating crimes committed by youth. For purposes of this thesis the term youth includes the category of age from twelve to twenty-four years. Well-elaborated methodology shall help criminalists to quickly and effectively deal with situations when there is a reasonable suspicion due to found traces, or method of committing a crime, that the offender was a person of this age category. This thesis introduces typical personal and psychological characteristics of youth. The thesis outlines which crimes are committed by this group most commonly and which factors cause the delinquent behavior of youth. The thesis presents typical traces which occur when youth commits crime, and methods of committing which point to the young age of offenders. According to these characters we can assume that the crime was committed by youth offender and therefore it is important to use a special methodology for the investigation. The very core of the thesis is devoted to investigative processes, especially subsequent investigative procedures and its specifications. Greatest attention is focused on questioning the offender as thorough preparation of...
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Methods of investigation of murders
Rozehnalová, Eliška ; Čírtková, Ludmila (advisor) ; Štourač, Petr (referee)
This diploma work deals with the methodology of investigating murders. The aim of my work was to shed a light on this issue and try to explain it from an expert point of view. The diploma is divided into three main chapters. The first one deals with juristic and criminalistic characteristics of murder and with the phenomenon of serial and mass murderers. The second part is dedicated to the most important aspects which influence the course of investigation, namely the specialties of the primary operations, search of crime premises, trace evidence, the interrogation and the role of psychology in it. The last part is trying to give a complex view on sexual murders and its suspect, various typologies of sexual murders and sexual paraphilia which occur very often. The most dangerous of them is sexual sadism and murderers who suffer from this kind of deviation are considered to be the most brutal and dangerous. In the end, this work is trying to explain the important role of psychological profiling in investigating murderers. The cooperation between the investigator and psychologist could only increase the chances of apprehending the offender.
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Methods of investigation of murders (selected issues)
Mareš, David ; Štourač, Petr (advisor) ; Konrád, Zdeněk (referee)
This diploma thesis addresses the issues of the murder investigation methodology. It is divided systematically into four chapters. First three chapters may be perceived by the reader as the fundamentals of the thesis aiming at contextualizing and highlighting the final chapter which bears the core ideas and findings. Chapter One deals with crime against life from the perspective of the criminal law in the Czech Republic. An account of legal definitions of murder, manslaughter and murder of a new-born infant by its mother, as defined in the Criminal Code, is offered in the chapter. Certain features of the constituent elements of those crimes are compared and commented on in greater detail. Chapter Two presents murder in view of criminology and includes the statistical data regarding the intentional homicide rate within the Czech Republic. As for the statistical data, it is predominantly recent and up-to-date. However, there may also be included statistical data gathered over an extended period of time which better demonstrate the dynamics of crime development. To enable the reader to understand the data, a series of graphs and charts is provided as well. Chapter Three looks at criminology per se and at its classification into subcategories. This chapter also considers the methodology of...
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Identification of cadavers and skeleton findings
Miko, Michal ; Konrád, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Musil, Jan (referee)
Identification of cadavers and skeletal findings Abstract "Identification" is an act of declaration of identity. The identity (particularly in today's globalized society) deservedly draws attention not only in a normal social interaction, but is also enshrined legally. Its purpose is also important in the sad events of last identification of a person - the identification of the dead. Thesis sets as a goal in a clear and comprehensible form to offer a presentment to an extremely interesting and inspiring topic of identification of the dead human body, using multidisciplinary approach with focus to criminological practice. It provides a comprehensive overview of all the components of identifying corpses, demonstrates the process of identifying, from the finding of the dead body, through autopsy, up to some practice expertise to determine its identity. To achieve this, the method of literature review using books and journals, both domestic and foreign, with subsequent synthesis of acquired knowledge and information with their critical evaluations is used. Clarity, however, is not exchanged for cursoriness and perfunctoriness in the work and therefore some topics suitable for detailed analysis (analysis of DNA, thanatology, the procedure of finding dead bodies in the terrain) are evolved in such a degree to...
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The impact of physical activity on the quality of life of persons serving a term of imprisonment
Smutná, Kateřina ; Kotlík, Kamil (advisor) ; Pavlová, Ilona (referee)
Title: The impact of physical activity on the quality of life of persons serving a term of imprisonment Aims: The main aim of this thesis is to detect, if the health-oriented fitness and the level of quality of life of persons serving a term of imprisonment increases after ten weeks of a regular exercise. Another aim is to find out, if the results of the observed aspects of persons who did take part in the exercise programme will be much different from those who did not. Methods: This is an empiric-theoretical research thesis. Four ensembles took part in this quantitative research. The ensembles I. (N=5) and II. (N=7) filled out a self- designed questionnaire about quality of life and were tested for health-oriented fitness with the Fitnessgram test battery. The partial motor tests evaluate endurance, muscle strength and flexibility. This measurement was hold before and after a ten weeks long organized exercise program. The ensembles III. (N=15) and IV. (N=15) only filled out the questionnaire of quality of life twice, in the same period as the ensembles I. and II. Results: The results showed a positive impact of regular physical activity on the physical condition of the participants, because most of them improved their health- oriented fitness. Alongside the higher value of the quality of life in...
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The Crime Scene Reconstruction
Hesová, Veronika ; Krupička, Jiří (advisor) ; Šelleng, Dalibor (referee)
The Crime Scene Reconstruction Abstract This diploma thesis deals with the issue of crime scene reconstruction both from the point of view of criminal law and from the point of view of criminological science and practice. With the help of reconstruction as a means of evidence, which is classified in the Criminal Procedure Code as a special means of proof, the authorities involved in criminal proceedings try to find out the facts of the case, about which there is no reasonable doubt. Through reconstruction as a method of criminalistic practice, the factual circumstances under which the investigated crime was committed are restored. The main goal of this thesis is a detailed analysis of the crime scene reconstruction from a criminal and forensic point of view, and the result of this analysis is a chapter devoted to considerations de lege ferenda. The secondary goal of the diploma thesis is to compare the crime scene reconstruction with selected investigative acts with the help of a comparative method. The diploma thesis is divided into three parts. The first part deals with the comparison of the crime scene reconstruction with investigative acts, with which there are very frequent interchanges in criminal practice. Part of the first part is also an approximation of the legal regulation of reconstruction in...
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Criminalistic theory of victims of crime
Komárková, Anna ; Musil, Jan (advisor) ; Konrád, Zdeněk (referee)
Criminalistic theory of victims of crime Abstract This thesis focuses on learning about victims of crime. The aim is to present the doctrine of victims called victimology with a particular focus on criminalistic victimology. The content is divided into four major chapters. The first chapter is devoted to general victimology and explains the key concepts of this field, emphasizing their criminalistic use. Moreover, the chapter discusses the position and classification of this field of science among other disciplines, provides a brief historical insight into the development of this discipline, and finally presents ways of caring for victims of crime. The second chapter focuses on crime reporting from the perspective of the victim. First, it deals with the internal processes that the victim experiences after primary victimization, then lists the factors that motivate or discourage the victim from reporting crime, including potential fear of secondary victimization. The third chapter deals with the role of the victim in the investigation of criminal offenses, especially in the conduct of investigative acts. The victim interrogation and its specifics from the point of view of criminology, psychology and criminal law, as well as recognition and confrontation are discussed in detail in this chapter. Furthermore,...
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